Optimising Coffee Cultivation on Slopes: The Effect of Topography on Crop Productivity

Abstract

Coffee, as a major commodity, provides livelihoods for millions of smallholder farmers and contributes greatly to the national economy through exports. One of the key factors affecting coffee growth and productivity is land topography, especially slope. This article aims to review the literature related to the effect of slope on coffee plant productivity and provide recommendations for the optimisation of cultivation in the area. The method used is descriptive analysis with a literature review from various academic sources. Articles were selected based on relevance and research quality, then analysed and synthesised to provide an overview of the influence of topography on coffee growth. Slope affects microclimate, including temperature, humidity, and sunlight exposure, which play an important role in the photosynthesis and vegetative growth of coffee plants. Steep slopes increase the risk of soil erosion, which can reduce fertility and nutrient availability. Soil conservation techniques such as terracing, planting cover crops, and using organic mulches have proven effective in reducing erosion and maintaining soil fertility. Agronomic practices adapted to slope conditions, such as the selection of adaptive coffee varieties and proper nutrient management, can help overcome the challenges faced by coffee farmers in slope areas. conclusion that good slope management and the application of proper agronomic practices can minimise the challenges faced by coffee farmers in slope areas and increase crop productivity. Further research and technological innovations are needed to support the sustainability of coffee farming in variable topography.